【Java专题】开发环境准备

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本篇主要记录 jdk / jenv / maven 的安装和配置。

开发机

macbook m1 pro 26.3.1 (25D2128)

下载开发工具

开发工具使用经典的 IntelliJ IDEA
下载地址：https://www.jetbrains.com/zh-cn/idea/download/?section=mac

下载java jdk

本项目中使用的 java jdk 版本为 11

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# 下载 java 11
brew install openjdk@11

# 链接以便暴露给 java_home（如果已安装其他版本的openjdk则新安装的需要手动链接）
sudo ln -sfn /opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@11/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-11.jdk

# 验证 java 版本
java --version
# javac 11.0.30

下载 java 版本管理工具 jenv

jEnv是一个用于管理和切换多个Java版本的命令行工具。

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brew install jenv

# 配置环境变量
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.jenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'eval "$(jenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc

# 启用 jenv 插件
eval "$(jenv init -)"
jenv enable-plugin export

jenv -h
# jenv 0.6.0-20-ga771525
# Usage: jenv <command> [<args>]

# Some useful jenv commands are:

# Management commands:
#    add         Add JDK into jenv. By default aliases will be generated by parsing "java -# version"
#    global      Set or show the global Java version
#    local       Set or show the local application-specific Java version
#    remove      Remove JDK installations
#    shell       Set or show the shell-specific Java version

# Informational commands:
#    commands    List all available jenv commands
#    version     Show the current Java version and its origin
#    versions    List all Java versions available to jenv
#    whence      List all Java versions that contain the given executable
#    which       Display the full path to an executable

# Utility commands:
#    doctor      Show information about which command will be executed
#    rehash      Rehash jenv shims (run this after installing executables)
#    with        Execute command with specific Java version

# See `jenv help <command>' for information on a specific command.
# For full documentation, see: https://github.com/jenv/jenv/blob/master/README.md

  • 可以管理多个 JDK 版本（需要先手动安装对应版本jdk） -> jenv add xxx

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      # 通过 macOS 的 Java 管理工具查找已安装jdk
      /usr/libexec/java_home -V                                                                     
      # 11.0.30 (arm64) "Homebrew" - "OpenJDK 11.0.30" /opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk@11/11.0.30/libexec/openjdk.jdk/Contents/Home # 新增
      # 1.8.0_372 (arm64) "Amazon" - "Amazon Corretto 8" /Users/liyanyan/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/corretto-1.8.0_372/Contents/Home
      # /opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk@11/11.0.30/libexec/openjdk.jdk/Contents/Home
      
      # 查询当前jenv管理的版本
      jenv versions
      # * system (set by /Users/liyanyan/.jenv/version)

      # 添加 java 11
      jenv add /opt/homebrew/Cellar/openjdk@11/11.0.30/libexec/openjdk.jdk/Contents/Home # 上文brew安装地址
      # openjdk64-11.0.30 added
      # 11.0.30 added
      # 11.0 added
      # 11 added
      
      # 验证
      jenv versions
      # * system (set by /Users/liyanyan/.jenv/version)
    # 11
      # 11.0
      # 11.0.30
    # openjdk64-11.0.30

  • 在不同项目间自动切换 Java 版本（通过.java-version文件）

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    # 只改本项目版本
    jenv local 11

  • 全局设置默认 Java 版本

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    # 设置全局版本
     jenv global 1.8

下载 java 包管理器 maven

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# 下载安装
brew install maven

附：brew 换源

遇到了安装包特别慢的问题，换源步骤如下

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# 1. 换源
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
# 如果报错可略过
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git

# 2. 设置二进制包镜像
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

# 3. 更新
brew update

引用链接